解决MySql布尔型新旧版本兼容问题，采用枚举来表示布尔型的数据表。由正向工程赋值
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# 并行模型 Actor
## 概述
`Actor` 是 NewLife.Core 中的无锁并行编程模型，基于消息队列实现线程安全的异步处理。每个 Actor 拥有独立的消息邮箱和处理线程，通过消息传递进行通信，避免了传统锁机制带来的复杂性和性能问题。
**命名空间**：`NewLife.Model`
**文档地址**：https://newlifex.com/core/actor
## 核心特性
- **无锁设计**：通过消息队列隔离状态，无需显式加锁
- **独立线程**：每个 Actor 使用独立线程处理消息，不影响线程池
- **批量处理**：支持批量消费消息，提高吞吐量
- **容量限制**：支持设置消息队列最大容量，防止内存溢出
- **自动启动**：发送消息时自动启动 Actor
- **性能追踪**：集成 `ITracer` 支持链路追踪
## 快速开始
```csharp
using NewLife.Model;
// 定义 Actor
public class MyActor : Actor
{
protected override Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var message = context.Message;
Console.WriteLine($"收到消息: {message}");
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
// 使用 Actor
var actor = new MyActor();
// 发送消息
actor.Tell("Hello");
actor.Tell("World");
// 等待处理完成后停止
actor.Stop(5000);
```
## API 参考
### IActor 接口
```csharp
public interface IActor
{
/// <summary>添加消息，驱动内部处理</summary>
/// <param name="message">消息对象</param>
/// <param name="sender">发送者Actor</param>
/// <returns>返回待处理消息数</returns>
Int32 Tell(Object message, IActor? sender = null);
}
```
### ActorContext 类
```csharp
public class ActorContext
{
/// <summary>发送者</summary>
public IActor? Sender { get; set; }
/// <summary>消息</summary>
public Object? Message { get; set; }
}
```
### Actor 基类
#### 属性
```csharp
/// <summary>名称</summary>
public String Name { get; set; }
/// <summary>是否启用</summary>
public Boolean Active { get; }
/// <summary>受限容量。最大可堆积的消息数，默认Int32.MaxValue</summary>
public Int32 BoundedCapacity { get; set; }
/// <summary>批大小。每次处理消息数，默认1</summary>
public Int32 BatchSize { get; set; }
/// <summary>是否长时间运行。默认true，使用独立线程</summary>
public Boolean LongRunning { get; set; }
/// <summary>当前队列长度</summary>
public Int32 QueueLength { get; }
/// <summary>性能追踪器</summary>
public ITracer? Tracer { get; set; }
```
#### Tell - 发送消息
```csharp
public virtual Int32 Tell(Object message, IActor? sender = null)
```
向 Actor 发送消息。如果 Actor 未启动，会自动启动。
**参数**：
- `message`：消息对象，可以是任意类型
- `sender`：发送者 Actor，用于回复消息
**返回值**：当前待处理的消息数
**示例**：
```csharp
var actor = new MyActor();
// 发送简单消息
actor.Tell("Hello");
// 发送复杂对象
actor.Tell(new { Id = 1, Name = "Test" });
// 带发送者
actor.Tell("Ping", senderActor);
```
#### Start - 启动 Actor
```csharp
public virtual Task? Start()
public virtual Task? Start(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
```
手动启动 Actor。通常不需要手动调用，`Tell` 会自动启动。
**示例**：
```csharp
var actor = new MyActor();
// 手动启动
actor.Start();
// 带取消令牌启动
using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
actor.Start(cts.Token);
```
#### Stop - 停止 Actor
```csharp
public virtual Boolean Stop(Int32 msTimeout = 0)
```
停止 Actor，不再接受新消息。
**参数**：
- `msTimeout`：等待毫秒数。0=不等待，-1=无限等待
**返回值**：是否在超时前完成所有消息处理
**示例**：
```csharp
// 立即停止，不等待
actor.Stop(0);
// 等待最多5秒
var completed = actor.Stop(5000);
if (!completed)
Console.WriteLine("有消息未处理完成");
// 无限等待
actor.Stop(-1);
```
#### ReceiveAsync - 处理消息
```csharp
// 单条处理（BatchSize=1）
protected virtual Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
// 批量处理（BatchSize>1）
protected virtual Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext[] contexts, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
```
子类重写此方法实现消息处理逻辑。
## 使用场景
### 1. 日志收集器
```csharp
public class LogActor : Actor
{
private readonly StreamWriter _writer;
public LogActor(String filePath)
{
Name = "LogActor";
BatchSize = 100; // 批量写入
BoundedCapacity = 10000; // 限制队列
_writer = new StreamWriter(filePath, true) { AutoFlush = false };
}
protected override async Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext[] contexts, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
foreach (var ctx in contexts)
{
if (ctx.Message is String log)
{
await _writer.WriteLineAsync(log);
}
}
await _writer.FlushAsync();
}
protected override void Dispose(Boolean disposing)
{
base.Dispose(disposing);
_writer?.Dispose();
}
}
// 使用
var logger = new LogActor("app.log");
logger.Tell($"[{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}] 应用启动");
logger.Tell($"[{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}] 处理请求");
```
### 2. 消息处理器
```csharp
public class MessageProcessor : Actor
{
private readonly IMessageHandler _handler;
public MessageProcessor(IMessageHandler handler)
{
Name = "MessageProcessor";
_handler = handler;
}
protected override async Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (context.Message is Message msg)
{
try
{
await _handler.HandleAsync(msg, cancellationToken);
// 回复发送者
context.Sender?.Tell(new Ack { MessageId = msg.Id });
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
context.Sender?.Tell(new Error { MessageId = msg.Id, Exception = ex });
}
}
}
}
```
### 3. 数据聚合器
```csharp
public class DataAggregator : Actor
{
private readonly Dictionary<String, Int32> _counts = new();
private DateTime _lastFlush = DateTime.Now;
public DataAggregator()
{
Name = "DataAggregator";
BatchSize = 50;
}
protected override Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext[] contexts, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
foreach (var ctx in contexts)
{
if (ctx.Message is String key)
{
_counts.TryGetValue(key, out var count);
_counts[key] = count + 1;
}
}
// 每分钟输出一次统计
if ((DateTime.Now - _lastFlush).TotalMinutes >= 1)
{
foreach (var kv in _counts)
{
Console.WriteLine($"{kv.Key}: {kv.Value}");
}
_counts.Clear();
_lastFlush = DateTime.Now;
}
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
```
### 4. Actor 之间通信
```csharp
public class PingActor : Actor
{
protected override Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (context.Message is String msg && msg == "Ping")
{
Console.WriteLine("PingActor 收到 Ping，发送 Pong");
context.Sender?.Tell("Pong", this);
}
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
public class PongActor : Actor
{
protected override Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (context.Message is String msg && msg == "Pong")
{
Console.WriteLine("PongActor 收到 Pong");
}
return Task.CompletedTask;
}
}
// 使用
var ping = new PingActor();
var pong = new PongActor();
// pong 发送 Ping 给 ping，ping 会回复 Pong
ping.Tell("Ping", pong);
```
### 5. 限流处理器
```csharp
public class RateLimitedActor : Actor
{
private readonly SemaphoreSlim _semaphore;
private readonly Int32 _maxConcurrency;
public RateLimitedActor(Int32 maxConcurrency = 10)
{
_maxConcurrency = maxConcurrency;
_semaphore = new SemaphoreSlim(maxConcurrency);
BatchSize = maxConcurrency;
}
protected override async Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext[] contexts, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var tasks = new List<Task>();
foreach (var ctx in contexts)
{
await _semaphore.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
tasks.Add(Task.Run(async () =>
{
try
{
await ProcessAsync(ctx.Message, cancellationToken);
}
finally
{
_semaphore.Release();
}
}, cancellationToken));
}
await Task.WhenAll(tasks);
}
private async Task ProcessAsync(Object? message, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
// 处理逻辑
await Task.Delay(100, cancellationToken);
}
}
```
## 最佳实践
### 1. 合理设置批大小
```csharp
// IO密集型：较大批次
var ioActor = new IoActor { BatchSize = 100 };
// CPU密集型：较小批次
var cpuActor = new CpuActor { BatchSize = 10 };
// 实时性要求高：单条处理
var realtimeActor = new RealtimeActor { BatchSize = 1 };
```
### 2. 设置队列容量
```csharp
// 防止内存溢出
var actor = new MyActor
{
BoundedCapacity = 10000 // 最多堆积1万条消息
};
// 检查队列长度
if (actor.QueueLength > 5000)
{
Console.WriteLine("警告：消息积压");
}
```
### 3. 优雅停止
```csharp
// 停止接收新消息，等待现有消息处理完成
var completed = actor.Stop(30_000); // 最多等30秒
if (!completed)
{
Console.WriteLine($"有 {actor.QueueLength} 条消息未处理");
}
```
### 4. 异常处理
```csharp
public class SafeActor : Actor
{
protected override async Task ReceiveAsync(ActorContext context, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
await ProcessAsync(context.Message);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// 记录日志，不抛出异常
XTrace.WriteException(ex);
// 可选：发送到死信队列
DeadLetterActor?.Tell(new DeadLetter
{
Message = context.Message,
Exception = ex
});
}
}
}
```
### 5. 性能追踪
```csharp
var actor = new MyActor
{
Tracer = new DefaultTracer() // 或使用星尘追踪
};
// 追踪信息会自动记录：
// - actor:Start
// - actor:Loop
// - actor:Stop
```
## 与其他并发模型对比
| 特性 | Actor | Task/async | 锁 |
|------|-------|------------|-----|
| 线程安全 | 天然安全 | 需要注意 | 需要显式加锁 |
| 编程复杂度 | 中等 | 低 | 高 |
| 适用场景 | IO密集 | 通用 | 共享状态 |
| 背压处理 | 支持 | 不支持 | 不支持 |
| 消息顺序 | 保证 | 不保证 | 不适用 |
## 相关链接
- [高级定时器 TimerX](/NewLife/X/Blob/v12/Doc/timerx-高级定时器TimerX.md)
- [轻量级应用主机 Host](/NewLife/X/Blob/v12/Doc/host-轻量级应用主机Host.md)
- [链路追踪 ITracer](/NewLife/X/Blob/v12/Doc/tracer-链路追踪ITracer.md)
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