[fix]修正UdpServer在接收广播时连续启动接收的错误,在StarAgent中,此时可能收到广播包,SocketFlags是Broadcast,需要清空,否则报错“参考的对象类型不支持尝试的操作”; 无需设置SocketOptionName.PacketInformation,在ReceiveMessageFromAsync时会自动设置,并且支持ipv6;
石头 authored at 2024-10-10 00:36:00 石头 committed at 2024-10-10 00:45:43
86.56 KiB
X
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using NewLife;
using NewLife.Collections;
using NewLife.Data;
using NewLife.Reflection;
using NewLife.Serialization;
using NewLife.Threading;
using XCode.Common;
using XCode.Configuration;
using XCode.DataAccessLayer;
using XCode.Model;

namespace XCode
{
    /// <summary>数据实体类基类。所有数据实体类都必须继承该类。</summary>
    [Serializable]
    public partial class Entity<TEntity> : EntityBase, IAccessor where TEntity : Entity<TEntity>, new()
    {
        #region 构造函数
        /// <summary>静态构造</summary>
        static Entity()
        {
            DAL.InitLog();

            //EntityFactory.Register(typeof(TEntity), new DefaultEntityFactory());

            //var ioc = ObjectContainer.Current;
            //ioc.AddSingleton<IDataRowEntityAccessorProvider, DataRowEntityAccessorProvider>();

            // 1,可以初始化该实体类型的操作工厂
            // 2,CreateOperate将会实例化一个TEntity对象,从而引发TEntity的静态构造函数,
            // 避免实际应用中,直接调用Entity的静态方法时,没有引发TEntity的静态构造函数。
            new TEntity();
        }

        /// <summary>创建实体。</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 可以重写改方法以实现实体对象的一些初始化工作。
        /// 切记,写为实例方法仅仅是为了方便重载,所要返回的实例绝对不会是当前实例。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="forEdit">是否为了编辑而创建,如果是,可以再次做一些相关的初始化工作</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
        protected virtual TEntity CreateInstance(Boolean forEdit = false)
        {
            var entity = new TEntity();
            // new TEntity会被编译为Activator.CreateInstance<TEntity>(),还不如Activator.CreateInstance()呢
            // Activator.CreateInstance()有缓存功能,而泛型的那个没有
            //return Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(TEntity)) as TEntity;
            //var entity = typeof(TEntity).CreateInstance() as TEntity;
            Meta._Modules.Create(entity, forEdit);

            return entity;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 填充数据
        /// <summary>加载记录集。无数据时返回空集合而不是null。</summary>
        /// <param name="ds">记录集</param>
        /// <returns>实体数组</returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> LoadData(DataSet ds)
        {
            if (ds == null || ds.Tables.Count <= 0) return new List<TEntity>();

            return LoadData(ds.Tables[0]);
        }

        /// <summary>加载数据表。无数据时返回空集合而不是null。</summary>
        /// <param name="dt">数据表</param>
        /// <returns>实体数组</returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> LoadData(DataTable dt)
        {
            if (dt == null) return new List<TEntity>();

            var list = Meta.Factory.Accessor.LoadData<TEntity>(dt);
            OnLoadData(list);

            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>加载数据表。无数据时返回空集合而不是null。</summary>
        /// <param name="ds">数据表</param>
        /// <returns>实体数组</returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> LoadData(DbTable ds)
        {
            if (ds == null) return new List<TEntity>();

            var list = Meta.Factory.Accessor.LoadData<TEntity>(ds);
            OnLoadData(list);

            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>加载数据表。无数据时返回空集合而不是null。</summary>
        /// <param name="dr">数据读取器</param>
        /// <returns>实体数组</returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> LoadData(IDataReader dr)
        {
            if (dr == null) return new List<TEntity>();

            var list = Meta.Factory.Accessor.LoadData<TEntity>(dr);
            OnLoadData(list);

            return list;
        }

        private static void OnLoadData(IList<TEntity> list)
        {
            // 设置默认累加字段
            EntityAddition.SetField(list.Cast<IEntity>());
            foreach (var entity in list)
            {
                entity.OnLoad();
            }
        }

        private static void LoadSingleCache(IEnumerable<TEntity> list)
        {
            // 如果正在使用单对象缓存,则批量进入
            //!!! 特别注意,如果列表查询指定了列名,可能会导致实体错误覆盖单对象缓存
            var sc = Meta.SingleCache;
            if (sc.Using)
            {
                // 查询列表异步加入对象缓存
                ThreadPoolX.QueueUserWorkItem(es =>
                {
                    foreach (var entity in es)
                    {
                        sc.Add(entity);
                    }
                }, list);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 操作
        private static IEntityPersistence Persistence => Meta.Factory.Persistence;

        /// <summary>插入数据,<see cref="Valid"/>后,在事务中调用<see cref="OnInsert"/>。</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Int32 Insert() => DoAction(OnInsert, true);

        /// <summary>把该对象持久化到数据库,添加/更新实体缓存。</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual Int32 OnInsert()
        {
            var rs = Meta.Session.Insert(this);

            // 标记来自数据库
            IsFromDatabase = true;

            // 设置默认累加字段
            EntityAddition.SetField(this);

            return rs;
        }

        /// <summary>更新数据,<see cref="Valid"/>后,在事务中调用<see cref="OnUpdate"/>。</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Int32 Update() => DoAction(OnUpdate, false);

        /// <summary>更新数据库,同时更新实体缓存</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual Int32 OnUpdate()
        {
            var rs = Meta.Session.Update(this);

            // 标记来自数据库
            IsFromDatabase = true;

            return rs;
        }

        /// <summary>删除数据,通过在事务中调用OnDelete实现。</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 删除时,如果有且仅有主键有脏数据,则可能是ObjectDataSource之类的删除操作。
        /// 该情况下,实体类没有完整的信息(仅有主键信息),将会导致无法通过扩展属性删除附属数据。
        /// 如果需要避开该机制,请清空脏数据。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Int32 Delete() => DoAction(OnDelete, null);

        /// <summary>从数据库中删除该对象,同时从实体缓存中删除</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual Int32 OnDelete() => Meta.Session.Delete(this);

        private Int32 DoAction(Func<Int32> func, Boolean? isnew)
        {
            if (Meta.Table.DataTable.InsertOnly)
            {
                if (isnew == null) throw new XCodeException($"只写的日志型数据[{Meta.ThisType.FullName}]禁止删除!");
                if (!isnew.Value) throw new XCodeException($"只写的日志型数据[{Meta.ThisType.FullName}]禁止修改!");
            }

            if (enableValid)
            {
                Boolean rt;
                if (isnew != null)
                {
                    Valid(isnew.Value);
                    rt = Meta._Modules.Valid(this, isnew.Value);
                }
                else
                    rt = Meta._Modules.Delete(this);

                // 没有更新任何数据
                if (!rt) return 0;
            }

            // 自动分库分表
            using var split = Meta.CreateShard(this as TEntity);

            return func();
        }

        /// <summary>保存。Insert/Update/Upsert</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Save的几个场景:
        /// 1,Find, Update()
        /// 2,new, Insert()
        /// 3,new, Upsert()
        /// </remarks>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Int32 Save()
        {

            // 来自数据库直接Update
            if (IsFromDatabase) return Update();

            // 优先使用自增字段判断
            var fi = Meta.Table.Identity;
            if (fi != null) return Convert.ToInt64(this[fi.Name]) > 0 ? Update() : Insert();

            /*
             * 慈母手中线,游子身上衣。
             * 淳淳教诲时,草木尽芬芳。
             */

            // 如果唯一主键不为空,应该通过后面判断,而不是直接Update
            var isnew = IsNullKey;
            if (isnew) return Insert();

            // Oracle/MySql批量插入
            var db = Meta.Session.Dal;
            if (db.SupportBatch)
            {
                Valid(isnew);
                if (!Meta.Modules.Valid(this, isnew)) return -1;
                // 自动分库分表
                using var split = Meta.CreateShard(this as TEntity);
                return this.Upsert(null, null, null, Meta.Session);
            }

            return FindCount(Persistence.GetPrimaryCondition(this), null, null, 0, 0) > 0 ? Update() : Insert();
        }

        /// <summary>不需要验证的保存,不执行Valid,一般用于快速导入数据</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Int32 SaveWithoutValid()
        {
            enableValid = false;
            try { return Save(); }
            finally { enableValid = true; }
        }

        /// <summary>异步保存。实现延迟保存,大事务保存。主要面向日志表和频繁更新的在线记录表</summary>
        /// <param name="msDelay">延迟保存的时间。默认0ms近实时保存</param>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 调用平均耗时190.86ns,IPModule占38.89%,TimeModule占16.31%,UserModule占7.20%,Valid占14.36%
        /// </remarks>
        /// <returns>是否成功加入异步队列,实体对象已存在于队列中则返回false</returns>
        public override Boolean SaveAsync(Int32 msDelay = 0)
        {
            var isnew = false;

            // 优先使用自增字段判断
            var fi = Meta.Unique;
            if (fi != null && fi.Type.IsInt())
                isnew = Convert.ToInt64(this[fi.Name]) == 0;
            // 如果唯一主键不为空,应该通过后面判断,而不是直接Update
            else if (IsNullKey)
                isnew = true;

            // 提前执行Valid,让它提前准备好验证数据
            if (enableValid)
            {
                Valid(isnew);
                Meta._Modules.Valid(this, isnew);
            }
            // 自动分库分表,影响后面的Meta.Session
            using var split = Meta.CreateShard(this as TEntity);
            if (!HasDirty) return false;

            return Meta.Session.Queue.Add(this, msDelay);
        }

        /// <summary>插入数据,<see cref="Valid"/>后,在事务中调用<see cref="OnInsert"/>。</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Task<Int32> InsertAsync() => DoAction(OnInsertAsync, true);

        /// <summary>把该对象持久化到数据库,添加/更新实体缓存。</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual Task<Int32> OnInsertAsync()
        {
            var rs = Meta.Session.InsertAsync(this);

            // 标记来自数据库
            IsFromDatabase = true;

            // 设置默认累加字段
            EntityAddition.SetField(this);

            return rs;
        }

        /// <summary>更新数据,<see cref="Valid"/>后,在事务中调用<see cref="OnUpdate"/>。</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Task<Int32> UpdateAsync() => DoAction(OnUpdateAsync, false);

        /// <summary>更新数据库,同时更新实体缓存</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual Task<Int32> OnUpdateAsync()
        {
            var rs = Meta.Session.UpdateAsync(this);

            // 标记来自数据库
            IsFromDatabase = true;

            return rs;
        }

        /// <summary>删除数据,通过在事务中调用OnDelete实现。</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 删除时,如果有且仅有主键有脏数据,则可能是ObjectDataSource之类的删除操作。
        /// 该情况下,实体类没有完整的信息(仅有主键信息),将会导致无法通过扩展属性删除附属数据。
        /// 如果需要避开该机制,请清空脏数据。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Task<Int32> DeleteAsync() => DoAction(OnDeleteAsync, null);

        /// <summary>从数据库中删除该对象,同时从实体缓存中删除</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual Task<Int32> OnDeleteAsync() => Meta.Session.DeleteAsync(this);

        private Task<Int32> DoAction(Func<Task<Int32>> func, Boolean? isnew)
        {
            if (Meta.Table.DataTable.InsertOnly)
            {
                if (isnew == null) throw new XCodeException($"只写的日志型数据[{Meta.ThisType.FullName}]禁止删除!");
                if (!isnew.Value) throw new XCodeException($"只写的日志型数据[{Meta.ThisType.FullName}]禁止修改!");
            }

            // 自动分库分表
            using var split = Meta.CreateShard(this as TEntity);

            if (enableValid)
            {
                Boolean rt;
                if (isnew != null)
                {
                    Valid(isnew.Value);
                    rt = Meta._Modules.Valid(this, isnew.Value);
                }
                else
                    rt = Meta._Modules.Delete(this);

                // 没有更新任何数据
                if (!rt) return Task.FromResult(0);
            }

            return func();
        }

        [NonSerialized]
        private Boolean enableValid = true;

        /// <summary>验证并修补数据,通过抛出异常的方式提示验证失败。</summary>
        /// <remarks>建议重写者调用基类的实现,因为基类根据数据字段的唯一索引进行数据验证。</remarks>
        /// <param name="isNew">是否新数据</param>
        public override void Valid(Boolean isNew)
        {
            var factory = Meta.Factory;

            // 雪花Id生成器。Int64主键非自增时,自动填充
            var pks = factory.Table.PrimaryKeys;
            if (pks != null && pks.Length == 1)
            {
                var pk = pks[0];
                if (!pk.IsIdentity && pk.Type == typeof(Int64) && this[pk.Name].ToLong() == 0)
                {
                    SetItem(pk.Name, factory.Snow.NewId());
                }
            }

            // 校验字符串长度,超长时抛出参数异常
            foreach (var fi in factory.Fields)
            {
                if (fi.Type == typeof(String) && fi.Length > 0)
                {
                    if (this[fi.Name] is String str && str.Length > fi.Length)
                        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(fi.Name, $"{fi.DisplayName}长度限制{fi.Length}字符");
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>根据指定键检查数据,返回数据是否已存在</summary>
        /// <param name="names"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual Boolean Exist(params String[] names) => Exist(true, names);

        /// <summary>根据指定键检查数据是否已存在,若已存在,抛出ArgumentOutOfRangeException异常</summary>
        /// <param name="names"></param>
        public virtual void CheckExist(params String[] names) => CheckExist(true, names);

        /// <summary>根据指定键检查数据是否已存在,若已存在,抛出ArgumentOutOfRangeException异常</summary>
        /// <param name="isNew">是否新数据</param>
        /// <param name="names"></param>
        public virtual void CheckExist(Boolean isNew, params String[] names)
        {
            if (Exist(isNew, names))
            {
                var sb = Pool.StringBuilder.Get();
                String name = null;
                for (var i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
                {
                    if (sb.Length > 0) sb.Append(',');

                    FieldItem field = Meta.Table.FindByName(names[i]);
                    if (field != null) name = field.Description;
                    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) name = names[i];

                    sb.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", name, this[names[i]]);
                }

                name = Meta.Table.Description;
                var p = name.IndexOfAny(new[] { '。', ',' });
                if (p > 0) name = name[..p];
                if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) name = typeof(TEntity).Name;
                sb.AppendFormat(" 的{0}已存在!", name);

                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(String.Join(",", names), this[names[0]], sb.Put(true));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>根据指定键检查数据,返回数据是否已存在</summary>
        /// <param name="isNew">是否新数据</param>
        /// <param name="names"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual Boolean Exist(Boolean isNew, params String[] names)
        {
            // 根据指定键查找所有符合的数据,然后比对。
            // 当然,也可以通过指定键和主键配合,找到拥有指定键,但是不是当前主键的数据,只查记录数。
            var values = new Object[names.Length];
            for (var i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
            {
                values[i] = this[names[i]];
            }

            var field = Meta.Unique;
            var val = this[field.Name];
            var cache = Meta.Session.Cache;
            if (!cache.Using)
            {
                //// 如果是空主键,则采用直接判断记录数的方式,以加快速度
                //if (IsNullKey) return FindCount(names, values) > 0;

                var exp = new WhereExpression();
                for (var i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
                {
                    var fi = Meta.Table.FindByName(names[i]);
                    exp &= fi == values[i];
                }

                var list = FindAll(exp, null, null, 0, 0);
                if (list == null || list.Count <= 0) return false;
                if (list.Count > 1) return true;

                // 如果是Guid等主键,可能提前赋值,插入操作不能比较主键,直接判断判断存在的唯一索引即可
                if (isNew && !field.IsIdentity) return true;

                return !Equals(val, list[0][field.Name]);
            }
            else
            {
                // 如果是空主键,则采用直接判断记录数的方式,以加快速度
                var list = cache.FindAll(e =>
                {
                    for (var i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
                    {
                        if (!Equals(e[names[i]], values[i])) return false;
                    }
                    return true;
                });
                if (IsNullKey) return list.Count > 0;

                if (list == null || list.Count <= 0) return false;
                if (list.Count > 1) return true;

                // 如果是Guid等主键,可能提前赋值,插入操作不能比较主键,直接判断判断存在的唯一索引即可
                if (isNew && !field.IsIdentity) return true;

                return !Equals(val, list[0][field.Name]);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 查找单个实体
        /// <summary>根据属性以及对应的值,查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="name">属性名称</param>
        /// <param name="value">属性值</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity Find(String name, Object value) => Find(new String[] { name }, new Object[] { value });


        /// <summary>根据属性以及对应的值,查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="name">属性名称</param>
        /// <param name="value">属性值</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity Find(String name, Object value, String selects) => Find(new String[] { name }, new Object[] { value }, selects);

        /// <summary>根据属性列表以及对应的值列表,查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="names">属性名称集合</param>
        /// <param name="values">属性值集合</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity Find(String[] names, Object[] values)
        {
            var exp = new WhereExpression();
            // 判断自增和主键
            if (names != null && names.Length == 1)
            {
                var field = Meta.Table.FindByName(names[0]);
                if ((field as FieldItem) != null && (field.IsIdentity || field.PrimaryKey))
                {
                    // 唯一键为自增且参数小于等于0时,返回空
                    if (Helper.IsNullKey(values[0], field.Type)) return null;

                    exp &= field == values[0];
                    return FindUnique(exp);
                }
            }

            for (var i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
            {
                var fi = Meta.Table.FindByName(names[i]);
                exp &= fi == values[i];
            }

            // 判断唯一索引,唯一索引也不需要分页
            var di = Meta.Table.DataTable.GetIndex(names);
            if (di != null && di.Unique) return FindUnique(exp);

            return Find(exp);
        }
        /// <summary>根据属性列表以及对应的值列表,查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="names">属性名称集合</param>
        /// <param name="values">属性值集合</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity Find(String[] names, Object[] values, String selects)
        {
            var exp = new WhereExpression();
            // 判断自增和主键
            if (names != null && names.Length == 1)
            {
                var field = Meta.Table.FindByName(names[0]);
                if ((field as FieldItem) != null && (field.IsIdentity || field.PrimaryKey))
                {
                    // 唯一键为自增且参数小于等于0时,返回空
                    if (Helper.IsNullKey(values[0], field.Type)) return null;

                    exp &= field == values[0];
                    return FindUnique(exp, selects);
                }
            }

            for (var i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
            {
                var fi = Meta.Table.FindByName(names[i]);
                exp &= fi == values[i];
            }

            // 判断唯一索引,唯一索引也不需要分页
            var di = Meta.Table.DataTable.GetIndex(names);
            if (di != null && di.Unique) return FindUnique(exp, selects);

            return Find(exp, selects);
        }

        /// <summary>根据条件查找唯一的单个实体</summary>
        /// 根据条件查找唯一的单个实体,因为是唯一的,所以不需要分页和排序。
        /// 如果不确定是否唯一,一定不要调用该方法,否则会返回大量的数据。
        /// <remarks>
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="where">查询条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static TEntity FindUnique(Expression where)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;
            var db = session.Dal.Db;
            var ps = db.UseParameter ? new Dictionary<String, Object>() : null;
            var wh = where?.GetString(db, ps);

            var builder = new SelectBuilder
            {
                Table = session.FormatedTableName,
                // 谨记:某些项目中可能在where中使用了GroupBy,在分页时可能报错
                Where = wh

            };

            // 使用默认选择列
            if (builder.Column.IsNullOrEmpty()) builder.Column = Meta.Factory.Selects;

            // 提取参数
            builder = FixParam(builder, ps);

            var list = LoadData(session.Query(builder, 0, 0));
            //var list = session.Query(builder, 0, 0, LoadData);
            if (list == null || list.Count <= 0) return null;

            // 如果正在使用单对象缓存,则批量进入
            LoadSingleCache(list);

            if (list.Count > 1 && DAL.Debug)
            {
                DAL.WriteLog("调用FindUnique(\"{0}\")不合理,只有返回唯一记录的查询条件才允许调用!", wh);
            }
            return list[0];
        }

        /// <summary>根据条件查找唯一的单个实体</summary>
        /// 根据条件查找唯一的单个实体,因为是唯一的,所以不需要分页和排序。
        /// 如果不确定是否唯一,一定不要调用该方法,否则会返回大量的数据。
        /// <remarks>
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="where">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static TEntity FindUnique(Expression where, String selects)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;
            var db = session.Dal.Db;
            var ps = db.UseParameter ? new Dictionary<String, Object>() : null;
            var wh = where?.GetString(db, ps);

            var builder = new SelectBuilder
            {
                Table = session.FormatedTableName,
                // 谨记:某些项目中可能在where中使用了GroupBy,在分页时可能报错
                Where = wh,
                Column = selects
            };

            // 使用默认选择列
            if (builder.Column.IsNullOrEmpty()) builder.Column = Meta.Factory.Selects;

            // 提取参数
            builder = FixParam(builder, ps);

            var list = LoadData(session.Query(builder, 0, 0));
            //var list = session.Query(builder, 0, 0, LoadData);
            if (list == null || list.Count <= 0) return null;

            // 如果正在使用单对象缓存,则批量进入
            LoadSingleCache(list);

            if (list.Count > 1 && DAL.Debug)
            {
                DAL.WriteLog("调用FindUnique(\"{0}\")不合理,只有返回唯一记录的查询条件才允许调用!", wh);
            }
            return list[0];
        }

        /// <summary>根据条件查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="whereClause">查询条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
        public static TEntity Find(String whereClause)
        {
            var list = FindAll(whereClause, null, null, 0, 1);
            return list.Count <= 0 ? null : list[0];
        }

        /// <summary>根据条件查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="where">查询条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity Find(Expression where)
        {
            var max = 1;

            // 优待主键查询
            if (where is FieldExpression fe && fe.Field != null && fe.Field.PrimaryKey) max = 0;

            var list = FindAll(where, null, null, 0, max);
            return list.Count <= 0 ? null : list[0];
        }

        /// <summary>根据条件查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="where">查询条件</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity Find(Expression where, String selects)
        {
            var max = 1;

            // 优待主键查询
            if (where is FieldExpression fe && fe.Field != null && fe.Field.PrimaryKey) max = 0;

            var list = FindAll(where, null, selects.IsNullOrWhiteSpace() ? null : selects, 0, max);
            return list.Count <= 0 ? null : list[0];
        }

        /// <summary>根据主键查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="key">唯一主键的值</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity FindByKey(Object key, String selects)
        {
            var field = Meta.Unique;
            if (field == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Meta.Unique), "FindByKey方法要求" + typeof(TEntity).FullName + "有唯一主键!");

            // 唯一键为自增且参数小于等于0时,返回空
            if (Helper.IsNullKey(key, field.Type)) return null;

            return Find(field.Name, key, selects);
        }

        /// <summary>根据主键查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="key">唯一主键的值</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity FindByKey(Object key)
        {
            var field = Meta.Unique;
            if (field == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Meta.Unique), "FindByKey方法要求" + typeof(TEntity).FullName + "有唯一主键!");

            // 唯一键为自增且参数小于等于0时,返回空
            if (Helper.IsNullKey(key, field.Type)) return null;

            return Find(field.Name, key);
        }

        /// <summary>根据主键查询一个实体对象用于表单编辑</summary>
        /// <param name="key">唯一主键的值</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity FindByKeyForEdit(Object key)
        {
            var field = Meta.Unique;
            if (field == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("Meta.Unique", "FindByKeyForEdit方法要求该表有唯一主键!");

            // 参数为空时,返回新实例
            if (key == null) return Meta.Factory.Create(true) as TEntity;

            var type = field.Type;

            // 唯一键为自增且参数小于等于0时,返回新实例
            if (Helper.IsNullKey(key, type))
            {
                if (type.IsInt() && !field.IsIdentity && DAL.Debug) DAL.WriteLog("{0}的{1}字段是整型主键,你是否忘记了设置自增?", Meta.TableName, field.ColumnName);

                return Meta.Factory.Create(true) as TEntity;
            }

            // 自动分库分表
            var keyEntity = new TEntity();
            keyEntity[field.Name] = key;
            using var split = Meta.CreateShard(keyEntity);

            // 此外,一律返回 查找值,即使可能是空。而绝不能在找不到数据的情况下给它返回空,因为可能是找不到数据而已,而返回新实例会导致前端以为这里是新增数据
            var entity = Find(field.Name, key);

            // 判断实体
            if (entity == null)
            {
                String msg;
                if (Helper.IsNullKey(key, field.Type))
                    msg = $"参数错误!无法取得编号为{key}的{Meta.Table.Description}!可能未设置自增主键!";
                else
                    msg = $"参数错误!无法取得编号为{key}的{Meta.Table.Description}!";

                throw new XCodeException(msg);
            }

            return entity;
        }

        /// <summary>查询指定字段的最小值</summary>
        /// <param name="field">指定字段</param>
        /// <param name="where">条件字句</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Int32 FindMin(String field, Expression where = null)
        {
            var fd = Meta.Table.FindByName(field);
            var list = FindAll(where, fd, null, 0, 1);
            return list.Count <= 0 ? 0 : Convert.ToInt32(list[0][fd.Name]);
        }

        /// <summary>查询指定字段的最大值</summary>
        /// <param name="field">指定字段</param>
        /// <param name="where">条件字句</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Int32 FindMax(String field, Expression where = null)
        {
            var fd = Meta.Table.FindByName(field);
            var list = FindAll(where, fd.Desc(), null, 0, 1);
            return list.Count <= 0 ? 0 : Convert.ToInt32(list[0][fd.Name]);
        }
        #endregion

        #region 静态查询
        /// <summary>获取所有数据。获取大量数据时会非常慢,慎用。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <returns>实体数组</returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> FindAll() => FindAll("", null, null, 0, 0);

        /// <summary>最标准的查询数据。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 最经典的批量查询,看这个Select @selects From Table Where @where Order By @order Limit @startRowIndex,@maximumRows,你就明白各参数的意思了。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="where">条件字句,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序字句,不带Order By</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <param name="startRowIndex">开始行,0表示第一行</param>
        /// <param name="maximumRows">最大返回行数,0表示所有行</param>
        /// <returns>实体集</returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> FindAll(String where, String order, String selects, Int64 startRowIndex, Int64 maximumRows)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;

            var builder = CreateBuilder(where, order, selects, true);
            var list = LoadData(session.Query(builder, startRowIndex, maximumRows));

            // 如果正在使用单对象缓存,则批量进入
            if (selects.IsNullOrEmpty() || selects == "*") LoadSingleCache(list);

            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>最标准的查询数据。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 最经典的批量查询,看这个Select @selects From Table Where @where Order By @order Limit @startRowIndex,@maximumRows,你就明白各参数的意思了。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="where">条件字句,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序字句,不带Order By</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <param name="startRowIndex">开始行,0表示第一行</param>
        /// <param name="maximumRows">最大返回行数,0表示所有行</param>
        /// <returns>实体集</returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> FindAll(Expression where, String order, String selects, Int64 startRowIndex, Int64 maximumRows)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;

            #region 海量数据查询优化
            // 海量数据尾页查询优化
            // 在海量数据分页中,取越是后面页的数据越慢,可以考虑倒序的方式
            // 只有在百万数据,且开始行大于五十万时才使用

            // 如下优化,避免了每次都调用Meta.Count而导致形成一次查询,虽然这次查询时间损耗不大
            // 但是绝大多数查询,都不需要进行类似的海量数据优化,显然,这个startRowIndex将会挡住99%以上的浪费
            Int64 count;
            if (startRowIndex > 500000 && (count = session.LongCount) > 1000000)
            {
                //// 计算本次查询的结果行数
                //var wh = where?.GetString(null);
                // 数据量巨大,每次都查总记录数很不划算,还不如用一个不太准的数据
                //if (!wh.IsNullOrEmpty()) count = FindCount(where, order, selects, startRowIndex, maximumRows);
                // 游标在中间偏后
                if (startRowIndex * 2 > count)
                {
                    var order2 = order;
                    var bk = false; // 是否跳过

                    #region 排序倒序
                    // 默认是自增字段的降序
                    var fi = Meta.Unique;
                    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(order2) && fi != null && fi.IsIdentity) order2 = fi.Name + " Desc";

                    if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(order2))
                    {
                        //2014-01-05 Modify by Apex
                        //处理order by带有函数的情况,避免分隔时将函数拆分导致错误
                        foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(order2, @"\([^\)]*\)", RegexOptions.Singleline))
                        {
                            order2 = order2.Replace(match.Value, match.Value.Replace(",", "★"));
                        }
                        var ss = order2.Split(',');
                        var sb = Pool.StringBuilder.Get();
                        foreach (var item in ss)
                        {
                            var fn = item;
                            var od = "asc";

                            var p = fn.LastIndexOf(" ");
                            if (p > 0)
                            {
                                od = item[p..].Trim().ToLower();
                                fn = item[..p].Trim();
                            }

                            switch (od)
                            {
                                case "asc":
                                    od = "desc";
                                    break;
                                case "desc":
                                    //od = "asc";
                                    od = null;
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    bk = true;
                                    break;
                            }
                            if (bk) break;

                            if (sb.Length > 0) sb.Append(", ");
                            sb.AppendFormat("{0} {1}", fn, od);
                        }

                        order2 = sb.Put(true).Replace("★", ",");
                    }
                    #endregion

                    // 没有排序的实在不适合这种办法,因为没办法倒序
                    if (!order2.IsNullOrEmpty())
                    {
                        // 最大可用行数改为实际最大可用行数
                        var max = (Int32)Math.Min(maximumRows, count - startRowIndex);
                        if (max <= 0) return new List<TEntity>();

                        var start = (Int32)(count - (startRowIndex + maximumRows));
                        var builder2 = CreateBuilder(where, order2, selects);
                        var list = LoadData(session.Query(builder2, start, max));
                        if (list == null || list.Count <= 0) return list;

                        // 如果正在使用单对象缓存,则批量进入
                        if (selects.IsNullOrEmpty() || selects == "*") LoadSingleCache(list);

                        // 因为这样取得的数据是倒过来的,所以这里需要再倒一次
                        //list.Reverse();
                        return list.Reverse().ToList();
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion

            // 自动分表
            var shards = Meta.ShardPolicy?.Shards(where);
            if (shards == null)
            {
                var builder = CreateBuilder(where, order, selects);
                var list2 = LoadData(session.Query(builder, startRowIndex, maximumRows));

                // 如果正在使用单对象缓存,则批量进入
                if (selects.IsNullOrEmpty() || selects == "*") LoadSingleCache(list2);

                return list2;
            }
            else
            {
                // 暂时仅支持row=0,否则不好处理多表查询
                var row = startRowIndex;
                var max = maximumRows;

                var rs = new List<TEntity>();
                foreach (var shard in shards)
                {
                    // 如果目标分表不存在,则不要展开查询
                    var dal = !shard.ConnName.IsNullOrEmpty() ? DAL.Create(shard.ConnName) : session.Dal;
                    if (!dal.TableNames.Contains(shard.TableName)) continue;

                    using var split = Meta.CreateSplit(shard.ConnName, shard.TableName);

                    var builder = CreateBuilder(where, order, selects);
                    var list2 = LoadData(Meta.Session.Query(builder, row, max));
                    if (list2.Count > 0) rs.AddRange(list2);
                    if (maximumRows > 0 && rs.Count >= maximumRows) return rs;

                    max -= list2.Count;
                }
                return rs;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>同时查询满足条件的记录集和记录总数。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <param name="where">条件,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="page">分页排序参数,同时返回满足条件的总记录数</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> FindAll(Expression where, PageParameter page = null, String selects = null)
        {
            if (page == null) return FindAll(where, null, selects, 0, 0);

            // 页面参数携带进来的扩展查询
            if (page.State is Expression exp)
                where &= exp;
            else if (page.State is WhereBuilder builder)
            {
                if (builder.Factory == null) builder.Factory = Meta.Factory;
                where &= builder.GetExpression();
            }

            // 先查询满足条件的记录数,如果没有数据,则直接返回空集合,不再查询数据
            var session = Meta.Session;
            if (page.RetrieveTotalCount)
            {
                Int64 rows;

                // 如果总记录数超过10万,为了提高性能,返回快速查找且带有缓存的总记录数
                if ((where == null || where.IsEmpty) && session.LongCount > 100_000)
                    rows = session.LongCount;
                else
                    rows = FindCount(where, null, selects, 0, 0);
                if (rows <= 0) return new List<TEntity>();

                page.TotalCount = rows;
            }

            // 验证排序字段,避免非法
            var orderby = page.OrderBy;
            if (!page.Sort.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                var st = Meta.Table.FindByName(page.Sort);
                page.OrderBy = null;
                page.Sort = session.Dal.Db.FormatName(st);
                orderby = page.OrderBy;

                //!!! 恢复排序字段,否则属性名和字段名不一致时前台无法降序
                page.Sort = st?.Name;
            }

            // 采用起始行还是分页
            IList<TEntity> list;
            if (page.StartRow >= 0)
                list = FindAll(where, orderby, selects, page.StartRow, page.PageSize);
            else
                list = FindAll(where, orderby, selects, (page.PageIndex - 1) * page.PageSize, page.PageSize);

            if (list == null || list.Count == 0) return list;

            // 统计数据。100万以上数据要求带where才支持统计
            if (page.RetrieveState &&
                (page.RetrieveTotalCount && page.TotalCount < 10_000_000
                || Meta.Session.LongCount < 10_000_000 || where != null)
                )
            {
                var selectStat = Meta.Factory.SelectStat;
                if (!selectStat.IsNullOrEmpty()) page.State = FindAll(where, null, selectStat).FirstOrDefault();
            }

            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>执行SQl获取数据集</summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns>实体集</returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> FindAll(String sql)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;

            return LoadData(session.Query(sql));
        }

        /// <summary>查询数据,返回内存表DbTable而不是实体列表</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 最经典的批量查询,看这个Select @selects From Table Where @where Order By @order Limit @startRowIndex,@maximumRows,你就明白各参数的意思了。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="where">条件字句,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序字句,不带Order By</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <param name="startRowIndex">开始行,0表示第一行</param>
        /// <param name="maximumRows">最大返回行数,0表示所有行</param>
        /// <returns>内存表</returns>
        public static DbTable FindData(Expression where, String order, String selects, Int64 startRowIndex, Int64 maximumRows)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;

            var builder = CreateBuilder(where, order, selects);
            return session.Query(builder, startRowIndex, maximumRows);
        }
        #endregion

        #region 缓存查询
        /// <summary>查找所有缓存。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> FindAllWithCache() => Meta.Session.Cache.Entities;
        #endregion

        #region 异步查询
        /// <summary>根据条件查找单个实体</summary>
        /// <param name="where">查询条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static async Task<TEntity> FindAsync(Expression where)
        {
            var max = 1;

            // 优待主键查询
            if (where is FieldExpression fe && fe.Field != null && fe.Field.PrimaryKey) max = 0;

            var list = await FindAllAsync(where, null, null, 0, max);
            return list.Count <= 0 ? null : list[0];
        }

        /// <summary>获取所有数据。获取大量数据时会非常慢,慎用。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <returns>实体数组</returns>
        public static Task<IList<TEntity>> FindAllAsync() => FindAllAsync(new WhereExpression(), null, null, 0, 0);

        /// <summary>最标准的查询数据。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 最经典的批量查询,看这个Select @selects From Table Where @where Order By @order Limit @startRowIndex,@maximumRows,你就明白各参数的意思了。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="where">条件字句,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序字句,不带Order By</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <param name="startRowIndex">开始行,0表示第一行</param>
        /// <param name="maximumRows">最大返回行数,0表示所有行</param>
        /// <returns>实体集</returns>
        public static async Task<IList<TEntity>> FindAllAsync(Expression where, String order, String selects, Int64 startRowIndex, Int64 maximumRows)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;

            #region 海量数据查询优化
            // 海量数据尾页查询优化
            // 在海量数据分页中,取越是后面页的数据越慢,可以考虑倒序的方式
            // 只有在百万数据,且开始行大于五十万时才使用

            // 如下优化,避免了每次都调用Meta.Count而导致形成一次查询,虽然这次查询时间损耗不大
            // 但是绝大多数查询,都不需要进行类似的海量数据优化,显然,这个startRowIndex将会挡住99%以上的浪费
            Int64 count;
            if (startRowIndex > 500000 && (count = session.LongCount) > 1000000)
            {
                //// 计算本次查询的结果行数
                //var wh = where?.GetString(null);
                // 数据量巨大,每次都查总记录数很不划算,还不如用一个不太准的数据
                //if (!wh.IsNullOrEmpty()) count = FindCount(where, order, selects, startRowIndex, maximumRows);
                // 游标在中间偏后
                if (startRowIndex * 2 > count)
                {
                    var order2 = order;
                    var bk = false; // 是否跳过

                    #region 排序倒序
                    // 默认是自增字段的降序
                    var fi = Meta.Unique;
                    if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(order2) && fi != null && fi.IsIdentity) order2 = fi.Name + " Desc";

                    if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(order2))
                    {
                        //2014-01-05 Modify by Apex
                        //处理order by带有函数的情况,避免分隔时将函数拆分导致错误
                        foreach (Match match in Regex.Matches(order2, @"\([^\)]*\)", RegexOptions.Singleline))
                        {
                            order2 = order2.Replace(match.Value, match.Value.Replace(",", "★"));
                        }
                        var ss = order2.Split(',');
                        var sb = Pool.StringBuilder.Get();
                        foreach (var item in ss)
                        {
                            var fn = item;
                            var od = "asc";

                            var p = fn.LastIndexOf(" ");
                            if (p > 0)
                            {
                                od = item[p..].Trim().ToLower();
                                fn = item[..p].Trim();
                            }

                            switch (od)
                            {
                                case "asc":
                                    od = "desc";
                                    break;
                                case "desc":
                                    //od = "asc";
                                    od = null;
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    bk = true;
                                    break;
                            }
                            if (bk) break;

                            if (sb.Length > 0) sb.Append(", ");
                            sb.AppendFormat("{0} {1}", fn, od);
                        }

                        order2 = sb.Put(true).Replace("★", ",");
                    }
                    #endregion

                    // 没有排序的实在不适合这种办法,因为没办法倒序
                    if (!order2.IsNullOrEmpty())
                    {
                        // 最大可用行数改为实际最大可用行数
                        var max = (Int32)Math.Min(maximumRows, count - startRowIndex);
                        if (max <= 0) return new List<TEntity>();

                        var start = (Int32)(count - (startRowIndex + maximumRows));
                        var builder2 = CreateBuilder(where, order2, selects);
                        var list = LoadData(await session.QueryAsync(builder2, start, max));
                        if (list == null || list.Count <= 0) return list;

                        // 如果正在使用单对象缓存,则批量进入
                        if (selects.IsNullOrEmpty() || selects == "*") LoadSingleCache(list);

                        // 因为这样取得的数据是倒过来的,所以这里需要再倒一次
                        //list.Reverse();
                        return list.Reverse().ToList();
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion

            var builder = CreateBuilder(where, order, selects);
            var list2 = LoadData(await session.QueryAsync(builder, startRowIndex, maximumRows));

            // 如果正在使用单对象缓存,则批量进入
            if (selects.IsNullOrEmpty() || selects == "*") LoadSingleCache(list2);

            return list2;
        }

        /// <summary>同时查询满足条件的记录集和记录总数。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <param name="where">条件,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="page">分页排序参数,同时返回满足条件的总记录数</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列,默认null表示所有字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static async Task<IList<TEntity>> FindAllAsync(Expression where, PageParameter page = null, String selects = null)
        {
            if (page == null) return await FindAllAsync(where, null, selects, 0, 0);

            // 页面参数携带进来的扩展查询
            if (page.State is Expression exp)
                where &= exp;
            else if (page.State is WhereBuilder builder)
            {
                if (builder.Factory == null) builder.Factory = Meta.Factory;
                where &= builder.GetExpression();
            }

            // 先查询满足条件的记录数,如果没有数据,则直接返回空集合,不再查询数据
            var session = Meta.Session;
            if (page.RetrieveTotalCount)
            {
                Int64 rows;

                // 如果总记录数超过10万,为了提高性能,返回快速查找且带有缓存的总记录数
                if ((where == null || where.IsEmpty) && session.LongCount > 100_000)
                    rows = session.LongCount;
                else
                    rows = await FindCountAsync(where, null, selects, 0, 0);
                if (rows <= 0) return new List<TEntity>();

                page.TotalCount = rows;
            }

            // 验证排序字段,避免非法
            var orderby = page.OrderBy;
            if (!page.Sort.IsNullOrEmpty())
            {
                var st = Meta.Table.FindByName(page.Sort);
                page.OrderBy = null;
                page.Sort = session.Dal.Db.FormatName(st);
                orderby = page.OrderBy;

                //!!! 恢复排序字段,否则属性名和字段名不一致时前台无法降序
                page.Sort = st?.Name;
            }

            // 采用起始行还是分页
            IList<TEntity> list;
            if (page.StartRow >= 0)
                list = await FindAllAsync(where, orderby, selects, page.StartRow, page.PageSize);
            else
                list = await FindAllAsync(where, orderby, selects, (page.PageIndex - 1) * page.PageSize, page.PageSize);

            if (list == null || list.Count == 0) return list;

            // 统计数据。100万以上数据要求带where才支持统计
            if (page.RetrieveState &&
                (page.RetrieveTotalCount && page.TotalCount < 10_000_000
                || Meta.Session.LongCount < 10_000_000 || where != null)
                )
            {
                var selectStat = Meta.Factory.SelectStat;
                if (!selectStat.IsNullOrEmpty()) page.State = (await FindAllAsync(where, null, selectStat)).FirstOrDefault();
            }

            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>返回总记录数</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Task<Int64> FindCountAsync() => FindCountAsync(new WhereExpression(), null, null, 0, 0);

        /// <summary>返回总记录数</summary>
        /// <param name="where">条件,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序,不带Order By。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="startRowIndex">开始行,0表示第一行。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="maximumRows">最大返回行数,0表示所有行。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <returns>总行数</returns>
        public static Task<Int64> FindCountAsync(Expression where, String order = null, String selects = null, Int64 startRowIndex = 0, Int64 maximumRows = 0)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;
            var db = session.Dal.Db;
            var ps = db.UseParameter ? new Dictionary<String, Object>() : null;
            var wh = where?.GetString(db, ps);

            //// 如果总记录数超过10万,为了提高性能,返回快速查找且带有缓存的总记录数
            //if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(wh) && session.LongCount > 100000) return session.LongCount;

            var builder = new SelectBuilder
            {
                Table = session.FormatedTableName,
                Where = wh
            };

            // 提取参数
            builder = FixParam(builder, ps);

            // 分组查分组数的时候,必须带上全部selects字段
            if (!builder.GroupBy.IsNullOrEmpty()) builder.Column = selects;

            return session.QueryCountAsync(builder);
        }
        #endregion

        #region 取总记录数
        /// <summary>返回总记录数</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Int64 FindCount() => FindCount("", null, null, 0, 0);

        /// <summary>返回总记录数</summary>
        /// <param name="where">条件,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序,不带Order By。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="startRowIndex">开始行,0表示第一行。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="maximumRows">最大返回行数,0表示所有行。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <returns>总行数</returns>
        public static Int32 FindCount(String where, String order = null, String selects = null, Int64 startRowIndex = 0, Int64 maximumRows = 0)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;

            //// 如果总记录数超过10万,为了提高性能,返回快速查找且带有缓存的总记录数
            //if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(where) && session.LongCount > 100000) return session.Count;

            var sb = new SelectBuilder
            {
                Table = session.FormatedTableName,
                Where = where
            };

            // 分组查分组数的时候,必须带上全部selects字段
            if (!sb.GroupBy.IsNullOrEmpty()) sb.Column = selects;

            return session.QueryCount(sb);
        }

        /// <summary>返回总记录数</summary>
        /// <param name="where">条件,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序,不带Order By。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="startRowIndex">开始行,0表示第一行。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <param name="maximumRows">最大返回行数,0表示所有行。这里无意义,仅仅为了保持与FindAll相同的方法签名</param>
        /// <returns>总行数</returns>
        public static Int64 FindCount(Expression where, String order = null, String selects = null, Int64 startRowIndex = 0, Int64 maximumRows = 0)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;
            var db = session.Dal.Db;
            var ps = db.UseParameter ? new Dictionary<String, Object>() : null;
            var wh = where?.GetString(db, ps);

            //// 如果总记录数超过10万,为了提高性能,返回快速查找且带有缓存的总记录数
            //if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(wh) && session.LongCount > 100000) return session.LongCount;

            var builder = new SelectBuilder
            {
                Table = session.FormatedTableName,
                Where = wh
            };

            // 提取参数
            builder = FixParam(builder, ps);

            // 分组查分组数的时候,必须带上全部selects字段
            if (!builder.GroupBy.IsNullOrEmpty()) builder.Column = selects;

            // 自动分表
            var shards = Meta.ShardPolicy?.Shards(where);
            if (shards == null)
            {
                return session.QueryCount(builder);
            }
            else
            {
                var rs = 0;
                foreach (var shard in shards)
                {
                    // 如果目标分表不存在,则不要展开查询
                    var dal = !shard.ConnName.IsNullOrEmpty() ? DAL.Create(shard.ConnName) : session.Dal;
                    if (!dal.TableNames.Contains(shard.TableName)) continue;

                    using var split = Meta.CreateSplit(shard.ConnName, shard.TableName);

                    session = Meta.Session;
                    builder.Table = session.FormatedTableName;
                    rs += session.QueryCount(builder);
                }
                return rs;
            }
        }

        ///// <summary>执行SQL返回总记录数</summary>
        ///// <returns>总行数</returns>
        //public static Int32 FindCount(String sql)
        //{
        //    if (!sql.ToLower().Contains("select"))
        //        return FindCount(sql, null, null, 0, 0);

        //    var session = Meta.Session;

        //    return session.QueryCount(sql);
        //}
        #endregion

        #region 获取查询SQL
        /// <summary>获取查询SQL。主要用于构造子查询</summary>
        /// <param name="where">条件,不带Where</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序,不带Order By</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列</param>
        /// <param name="startRowIndex">开始行,0表示第一行</param>
        /// <param name="maximumRows">最大返回行数,0表示所有行</param>
        /// <returns>实体集</returns>
        public static SelectBuilder FindSQL(String where, String order, String selects, Int32 startRowIndex = 0, Int32 maximumRows = 0)
        {
            var needOrderByID = startRowIndex > 0 || maximumRows > 0;
            var builder = CreateBuilder(where, order, selects, needOrderByID);
            return Meta.Session.Dal.PageSplit(builder, startRowIndex, maximumRows);
        }

        /// <summary>获取查询唯一键的SQL。比如Select ID From Table</summary>
        /// <param name="where"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static SelectBuilder FindSQLWithKey(String where = null)
        {
            var columnName = Meta.Session.Dal.Db.FormatName(Meta.Unique.Field);
            return FindSQL(where, null, columnName, 0, 0);
        }
        #endregion

        #region 高级查询
        /// <summary>同时查询满足条件的记录集和记录总数。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <param name="page">分页排序参数,同时返回满足条件的总记录数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        //[Obsolete("=>Search(DateTime start, DateTime end, String key, PageParameter page)")]
        public static IList<TEntity> Search(String key, PageParameter page) => FindAll(SearchWhereByKeys(key), page);

        /// <summary>同时查询满足条件的指定查询列的记录集和记录总数。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <param name="page">分页排序参数,同时返回满足条件的总记录数</param>
        /// <param name="selects">查询列</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        //[Obsolete("=>Search(DateTime start, DateTime end, String key, PageParameter page)")]
        public static IList<TEntity> Search(String key, PageParameter page, String selects) => FindAll(SearchWhereByKeys(key), page, selects);

        /// <summary>同时查询满足条件的记录集和记录总数。没有数据时返回空集合而不是null</summary>
        /// <param name="start">开始时间</param>
        /// <param name="end">结束时间</param>
        /// <param name="key">关键字</param>
        /// <param name="page">分页排序参数,同时返回满足条件的总记录数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IList<TEntity> Search(DateTime start, DateTime end, String key, PageParameter page)
        {
            var df = Meta.Factory.Default as TEntity;
            return FindAll(df.SearchWhere(start, end, key, page), page);
        }

        /// <summary>构造高级查询条件</summary>
        /// <param name="start">开始时间</param>
        /// <param name="end">结束时间</param>
        /// <param name="key">关键字</param>
        /// <param name="page">分页排序参数,同时返回满足条件的总记录数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual WhereExpression SearchWhere(DateTime start, DateTime end, String key, PageParameter page)
        {
            var exp = SearchWhereByKeys(key);

            if (start > DateTime.MinValue || end > DateTime.MinValue)
            {
                var fi = Meta.Factory.MasterTime;
                if (fi != null) exp &= fi.Between(start, end);
            }

            return exp;
        }

        /// <summary>根据空格分割的关键字集合构建查询条件</summary>
        /// <param name="keys">空格分割的关键字集合</param>
        /// <param name="fields">要查询的字段,默认为空表示查询所有字符串字段</param>
        /// <param name="func">处理每一个查询关键字的回调函数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static WhereExpression SearchWhereByKeys(String keys, FieldItem[] fields = null, Func<String, FieldItem[], WhereExpression> func = null)
        {
            var exp = new WhereExpression();
            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(keys)) return exp;

            if (func == null) func = SearchWhereByKey;

            var ks = keys.Split(' ', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
            for (var i = 0; i < ks.Length; i++)
            {
                if (!ks[i].IsNullOrWhiteSpace()) exp &= func(ks[i].Trim(), fields);
            }

            return exp;
        }

        /// <summary>构建关键字查询条件</summary>
        /// <param name="key">关键字</param>
        /// <param name="fields">要查询的字段,默认为空表示查询所有字符串字段</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static WhereExpression SearchWhereByKey(String key, FieldItem[] fields = null)
        {
            var exp = new WhereExpression();
            if (key.IsNullOrEmpty()) return exp;

            if (fields == null || fields.Length == 0) fields = Meta.Fields;
            foreach (var item in fields)
            {
                if (item.Type != typeof(String)) continue;

                exp |= item.Contains(key);
            }

            return exp;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 静态操作
        /// <summary>把一个实体对象持久化到数据库</summary>
        /// <param name="names">更新属性列表</param>
        /// <param name="values">更新值列表</param>
        /// <returns>返回受影响的行数</returns>
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
        public static Int32 Insert(String[] names, Object[] values) => Persistence.Insert(Meta.Session, names, values);

        /// <summary>更新一批实体数据</summary>
        /// <param name="setClause">要更新的项和数据</param>
        /// <param name="whereClause">指定要更新的实体</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
        public static Int32 Update(String setClause, String whereClause) => Persistence.Update(Meta.Session, setClause, whereClause);

        /// <summary>更新一批实体数据</summary>
        /// <param name="setNames">更新属性列表</param>
        /// <param name="setValues">更新值列表</param>
        /// <param name="whereNames">条件属性列表</param>
        /// <param name="whereValues">条件值列表</param>
        /// <returns>返回受影响的行数</returns>
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
        public static Int32 Update(String[] setNames, Object[] setValues, String[] whereNames, Object[] whereValues) => Persistence.Update(Meta.Session, setNames, setValues, whereNames, whereValues);

        /// <summary>从数据库中删除指定条件的实体对象。</summary>
        /// <param name="whereClause">限制条件</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
        public static Int32 Delete(String whereClause) => Persistence.Delete(Meta.Session, whereClause);

        /// <summary>从数据库中删除指定属性列表和值列表所限定的实体对象。</summary>
        /// <param name="names">属性列表</param>
        /// <param name="values">值列表</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Advanced)]
        public static Int32 Delete(String[] names, Object[] values) => Persistence.Delete(Meta.Session, names, values);
        #endregion

        #region 构造SQL语句
        /// <summary>构造SQL查询语句</summary>
        /// <param name="where">条件</param>
        /// <param name="order">排序</param>
        /// <param name="selects">选择列</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static SelectBuilder CreateBuilder(Expression where, String order, String selects)
        {
            var session = Meta.Session;
            var db = session.Dal.Db;
            var ps = db.UseParameter ? new Dictionary<String, Object>() : null;
            var wh = where?.GetString(db, ps);
            var builder = CreateBuilder(wh, order, selects, true);

            builder = FixParam(builder, ps);

            return builder;
        }

        private static SelectBuilder CreateBuilder(String where, String order, String selects, Boolean needOrderByID)
        {
            var factory = Meta.Factory;
            var session = Meta.Session;
            var db = session.Dal.Db;

            var builder = new SelectBuilder
            {
                Column = selects,
                Table = session.FormatedTableName,
                OrderBy = order,
                // 谨记:某些项目中可能在where中使用了GroupBy,在分页时可能报错
                Where = where
            };

            // chenqi [2018-5-7] 
            // 处理Select列
            // SQL Server数据库特殊处理:由于T-SQL查询列为*号,order by未使用索引字段,将导致索引不会被命中。
            if (session.Dal.DbType == DatabaseType.SqlServer)
            {
                if (builder.Column.IsNullOrEmpty() || builder.Column.Equals("*"))
                {
                    var fields = factory.Selects;
                    if (fields.IsNullOrWhiteSpace())
                        //fields = Meta.Factory.FieldNames.Select(Meta.FormatName).Join(",");
                        //不能直接通过获取FieldNames的方式拼接查询字段,如果列名和实际的属性名称存在差异的情况下会导致查询错误 By Xiyunfei
                        fields = factory.Fields.Join(",", e => db.FormatName(e.Field));
                    builder.Column = fields;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (builder.Column.IsNullOrEmpty())
                    builder.Column = factory.Selects;
            }

            // XCode对于默认排序的规则:整型主键降序,其它情况默认
            // 返回所有记录
            if (!needOrderByID) return builder;

            var fi = Meta.Unique;
            if (fi != null && fi.Type.IsInt())
            {
                var key = builder.Key = db.FormatName(fi.Field);

                // 默认获取数据时,还是需要指定按照自增字段降序,符合使用习惯
                // 有GroupBy也不能加排序
                if (builder.OrderBy.IsNullOrEmpty() &&
                    builder.GroupBy.IsNullOrEmpty() &&
                    // 未指定查询字段的时候才默认加上排序,因为指定查询字段的很多时候是统计
                    (selects.IsNullOrWhiteSpace() || selects == "*")
                    )
                {
                    // 数字降序,其它升序
                    var b = fi.Type.IsInt();
                    //builder.IsDesc = b;
                    //builder.IsDescs = new[] { b };
                    //// 修正没有设置builder.IsInt导致分页没有选择最佳的MaxMin的BUG,感谢 @RICH(20371423)
                    //builder.IsInt = b;

                    //builder.OrderBy = builder.KeyOrder;
                    builder.OrderBy = b ? (key + " Desc") : key;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // 如果找不到唯一键,并且排序又为空,则采用全部字段一起,确保MSSQL能够分页
                if (builder.OrderBy.IsNullOrEmpty() && session.Dal.DbType == DatabaseType.SqlServer)
                {
                    var pks = Meta.Table.PrimaryKeys;
                    if (pks != null && pks.Length > 0)
                    {
                        var key = builder.Key = db.FormatName(pks[0].Field);

                        //chenqi [2017-5-7] 非自增列 + order为空时,指定order by 主键
                        builder.OrderBy = key;
                    }
                }
            }
            return builder;
        }

        private static SelectBuilder FixParam(SelectBuilder builder, IDictionary<String, Object> ps)
        {
            // 提取参数
            if (ps != null)
            {
                foreach (var item in ps)
                {
                    var dp = Meta.Session.Dal.Db.CreateParameter(item.Key, item.Value, Meta.Table.FindByName(item.Key)?.Field);
                    //// 不能传递类型,因为参数名可能已经改变
                    //var dp = Meta.Session.Dal.Db.CreateParameter(item.Key, item.Value);

                    builder.Parameters.Add(dp);
                }
            }

            return builder;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 获取/设置 字段值
        /// <summary>获取/设置 字段值。</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 一个索引,反射实现。
        /// 派生实体类可重写该索引,以避免发射带来的性能损耗。
        /// 基类已经实现了通用的快速访问,但是这里仍然重写,以增加控制,
        /// 比如字段名是属性名前面加上_,并且要求是实体字段才允许这样访问,否则一律按属性处理。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="name">字段名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Object this[String name]
        {
            get
            {
                // 扩展属性
                if (Meta.Table.ExtendFieldNames.Contains(name))
                {
                    var pi = GetType().GetPropertyEx(name, true);
                    if (pi != null && pi.CanRead) return this.GetValue(pi);
                }

                // 检查动态增加的字段,返回默认值
                var f = Meta.Table.FindByName(name) as FieldItem;

                if (_Items != null && _Items.TryGetValue(name, out var obj))
                {
                    if (f != null && f.IsDynamic) return obj.ChangeType(f.Type);

                    return obj;
                }

                if (f != null && f.IsDynamic) return f.Type.CreateInstance();

                //if (_Extends != null) return Extends[name];

                return null;
            }
            set
            {
                // 扩展属性
                if (Meta.Table.ExtendFieldNames.Contains(name))
                {
                    var pi = GetType().GetPropertyEx(name, true);
                    if (pi != null && pi.CanWrite)
                    {
                        this.SetValue(pi, value);
                        return;
                    }
                }

                // 检查动态增加的字段,返回默认值
                if (Meta.Table.FindByName(name) is FieldItem f && f.IsDynamic) value = value.ChangeType(f.Type);

                //Extends[name] = value;
                Items[name] = value;
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 序列化
        Boolean IAccessor.Read(Stream stream, Object context) => OnRead(stream, context, false);

        Boolean IAccessor.Write(Stream stream, Object context) => OnWrite(stream, context, false);

        /// <summary>从数据流反序列化</summary>
        /// <param name="stream">数据流</param>
        /// <param name="context">上下文</param>
        /// <param name="extend">是否序列化扩展属性</param>
        protected virtual Boolean OnRead(Stream stream, Object context, Boolean extend)
        {
            if (context is not Binary bn) bn = new Binary { Stream = stream, EncodeInt = true };

            var fs = extend ? Meta.AllFields : Meta.Fields;
            foreach (var fi in fs)
            {
                // 顺序要求很高
                SetItem(fi.Name, bn.Read(fi.Type));
            }

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>二进制序列化到数据流</summary>
        /// <param name="stream">数据流</param>
        /// <param name="context">上下文</param>
        /// <param name="extend">是否序列化扩展属性</param>
        protected virtual Boolean OnWrite(Stream stream, Object context, Boolean extend)
        {
            if (context is not Binary bn) bn = new Binary { Stream = stream, EncodeInt = true };

            var fs = extend ? Meta.AllFields : Meta.Fields;
            foreach (var fi in fs)
            {
                bn.Write(this[fi.Name], fi.Type);
            }

            return true;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 克隆
        /// <summary>创建当前对象的克隆对象,仅拷贝基本字段</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override Object Clone() => CloneEntity();

        /// <summary>克隆实体。创建当前对象的克隆对象,仅拷贝基本字段</summary>
        /// <param name="setDirty">是否设置脏数据。默认不设置</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public virtual TEntity CloneEntity(Boolean setDirty = false)
        {
            var obj = Meta.Factory.Create() as TEntity;
            foreach (var fi in Meta.Fields)
            {
                if (setDirty)
                    obj.SetItem(fi.Name, this[fi.Name]);
                else
                    obj[fi.Name] = this[fi.Name];
            }

            //Extends.CopyTo(obj.Extends);
            if (_Items != null && _Items.Count > 0)
            {
                foreach (var item in _Items)
                {
                    this[item.Key] = item.Value;
                }
            }

            return obj;
        }

        /// <summary>克隆实体</summary>
        /// <param name="setDirty"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected internal override IEntity CloneEntityInternal(Boolean setDirty = true) => CloneEntity(setDirty);
        #endregion

        #region 其它
        /// <summary>已重载。</summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public override String ToString()
        {
            // 优先主字段作为实体对象的字符串显示
            if (Meta.Master != null && Meta.Master != Meta.Unique) return this[Meta.Master.Name] + "";

            // 优先采用业务主键,也就是唯一索引
            var table = Meta.Table.DataTable;
            var dis = table.Indexes;
            if (dis != null && dis.Count > 0)
            {
                IDataIndex di = null;
                foreach (var item in dis)
                {
                    if (!item.Unique) continue;
                    if (item.Columns == null || item.Columns.Length <= 0) continue;

                    var columns = table.GetColumns(item.Columns);
                    if (columns == null || columns.Length <= 0) continue;

                    di = item;

                    // 如果不是唯一自增,再往下找别的。如果后面实在找不到,至少还有现在这个。
                    if (!(columns.Length == 1 && columns[0].Identity)) break;
                }

                if (di != null)
                {
                    var columns = table.GetColumns(di.Columns);

                    // [v1,v2,...vn]
                    var sb = Pool.StringBuilder.Get();
                    foreach (var dc in columns)
                    {
                        if (sb.Length > 0) sb.Append(',');
                        if (Meta.FieldNames.Contains(dc.Name)) sb.Append(this[dc.Name]);
                    }

                    var vs = sb.Put(true);
                    if (columns.Length > 1)
                        return $"[{vs}]";
                    else
                        return vs;
                }
            }

            var fs = Meta.FieldNames;
            if (fs.Contains("Name"))
                return this["Name"] + "";
            else if (fs.Contains("Title"))
                return this["Title"] + "";
            else if (fs.Contains("ID"))
                return this["ID"] + "";
            else
                return "实体" + typeof(TEntity).Name;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 脏数据
        /// <summary>从数据库查询数据,对比重置脏数据</summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// 在MVC中直接用实体对象接收前端数据进行更新操作时,脏数据可能不准确。
        /// 该方法实现脏数据重置,确保可以准确保存到数据库。
        /// </remarks>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Int32 ResetDirty()
        {
            var key = Meta.Unique;
            if (key == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("要求有唯一主键");

            var rs = 0;
            var entity = FindByKey(this[key.Name]);
            foreach (var item in Meta.Fields)
            {
                var change = !CheckEqual(this[item.Name], entity[item.Name]);
                if (Dirtys[item.Name] != change)
                {
                    Dirtys[item.Name] = change;
                    rs++;
                }
            }

            return rs;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 高并发
        /// <summary>获取 或 新增 对象,带缓存查询,常用于统计等高并发更新的情况,一般配合SaveAsync</summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TKey"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="key">业务主键,如果是多字段混合索引,则建立一个模型类</param>
        /// <param name="find">查找函数</param>
        /// <param name="create">创建对象</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity GetOrAdd<TKey>(TKey key, Func<TKey, Boolean, TEntity> find, Func<TKey, TEntity> create)
        {
            if (key == null) return null;

            var entity = find != null ? find(key, true) : FindByKey(key);
            // 查不到时新建
            if (entity == null)
            {
                if (create != null)
                    entity = create(key);
                else
                {
                    entity = new TEntity();
                    entity.SetItem(Meta.Factory.Unique.Name, key);
                }

                // 插入失败时,再次查询
                try
                {
                    entity.Insert();
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    entity = find != null ? find(key, false) : FindByKey(key);
                    if (entity == null) throw ex.GetTrue();
                }
            }

            return entity;
        }

        /// <summary>获取 或 新增 对象,不带缓存查询,常用于统计等高并发更新的情况,一般配合SaveAsync</summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TKey"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="key">业务主键,如果是多字段混合索引,则建立一个模型类</param>
        /// <param name="find">查找函数</param>
        /// <param name="create">创建对象</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static TEntity GetOrAdd<TKey>(TKey key, Func<TKey, TEntity> find, Func<TKey, TEntity> create)
        {
            if (key == null) return null;

            var entity = find(key);
            // 查不到时新建
            if (entity == null)
            {
                entity = create(key);

                // 插入失败时,再次查询
                try
                {
                    entity.Insert();
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    entity = find(key);
                    if (entity == null) throw ex.GetTrue();
                }
            }

            return entity;
        }
        #endregion
    }
}